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Technical note on Forestry and Woodland Strategies

This technical guidance provides information to support Planning Authorities to prepare or update their Forestry and Woodland Strategy (FWS).

Last updated: 25 March 2026

Topic: Forest management and planning , Planting trees / woodland creation

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Planning Authority policies and proposals for forestry

The legal requirements relating to a Planning Authority’s policies and proposals for forestry are broad in scope and include their development, protection and enhancement, their resilience to climate change, and the expansion of a range of woodland types to provide multiple benefits.

Achieving these outcomes will require both woodland creation and the management of existing woods and forests, and these activities will need to be carried out in line with the UK Forestry Standard (UKFS) and its associated guidelines.

Guidelines for UK Forestry Standard (Forest Research website)

Local Development Plans (LDP) should be supported and informed by an up-to-date FWS. Further advice on how a FWS should contribute to the LDP process can be found in the Scottish Government’s Local Development Planning guidance.

Local Development Planning advice (Scottish Government website)


National Planning Framework

Reflecting National Planning Framework in a Forestry and Woodland Strategy National Planning Framework 4 (NPF4) places the global climate emergency and nature crisis at the heart of decision-making in Scotland’s planning system, and forests and woodlands have a crucial role to play in helping to address both and to support a growing economy.

National Planning Framework 4 / NPF4 (Scottish Government website)

By setting out the Planning Authority’s objectives and policies for future woodland creation and the management of existing forests and woodland in the area, some of the ways in which a FWS can support the implementation of NPF4 policies are illustrated in Table 1.

Note, though, that this technical note is intended as guidance for meeting the FWS requirements of the Planning (Scotland) Act 2019 rather than the detail of NPF4.

Planning (Scotland) Act 2019 (legislation.gov.uk)

Table 1: Connection between a FWS and key NPF4 policies

Key NPF4 policiesConnection to FWS
Sustainable places 
Policy 2: Climate mitigation and adaptation

Climate change presents challenges to the forestry practices that will help deliver a FWS. 

Improve forest resilience

Climate mitigation – woodland creation and the management of existing woodlands play an important role in carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change. 

Information Note: climate mitigation woodland creation and management

Climate adaptation – new woodlands can be planned for places where they will contribute to adaptation measures such as natural flood management and soil stability. 

Factsheet: Climate change and urban forests (Forest Research website)

Climate change factsheet: Climate change and ecosystem services (Forest Research website)

Policy 3: Biodiversity

All woodland habitats have biodiversity value and help to support nature networks, and this contribution is enhanced in woodlands of high nature conservation value. 

Forestry Supports Scotland's Biodiversity (Scottish Forestry YouTube channel)

Policy 4: Natural places

Woodland habitats help to support nature networks and play an important role in providing or linking natural assets of local, regional, national and international importance. 

Forest and Woodland (Nature Networks website)

Policy 6: Forestry, woodland and treesA FWS should directly support this policy; of particular relevance is the preclusion of development on certain sites, areas and features identified in a FWS. Evidence gathered, including data on existing woodland, is crucial for identifying how a planning authority can deliver the policy outcomes.
Policy 8: Green belts

Forests and woodlands make a distinctive contribution to the landscape in and around settlements and to the people who live in them. 

Woods in and Around Towns / WIAT (Scottish Forestry YouTube channel)

Policy 13: Sustainable transport

Accessible, well-managed urban greenspaces, including woods and forests, can help to promote and support active travel options and reduce the need to travel unsustainably. A FWS can also help ensure timber transport is sustainable and minimises impacts on communities.

Introduction to Agreed Routes Map (Timber Transport Forum website)

Key NPF4 policiesConnection to FWS
Liveable places 
Policy 14: Design, quality and place

Woodlands can help address four out of six of the NPF4 qualities of successful places – Healthy, Pleasant, Distinctive and Sustainable. 

Woods In and Around Towns

Policy 15: Local living and 20-minute neighbourhoods

Urban woodlands can be used for a range of activities including for the purposes of sport, leisure, arts and cultural activities, or to support lifelong learning or social interaction. They can also support, safe routes to and from key local infrastructure. 

Forestry Supports Scotland's Urban Communities (Scottish Forestry YouTube channel)

Policy 20: Blue and green infrastructure

Woodlands are an important component of green infrastructure, contributing to green networks and the benefits they provide, such as the Central Scotland Green Network national development.

For rural areas see:

Imagining the future (Forestry and Land Scotland YouTube channel)

For urban areas see:

Climate series part 3 Delivery (GCR Green Network YouTube channel)

While in Central Scotland you can see delivery initiatives such as:

Clyde Climate Forest (Clyde Climate Forest website)

Forth Climate Forest (Stirling Council website)

Fife Climate Forest (Climate Action Fife website)

Policy 21: Play, recreation and sport

Woodlands provide a place for sports, play and outdoor recreation for people of all ages and abilities. 

Welcome to Scotland's forests (Forestry and Land Scotland website)

Policy 22: Flood risk and water management

Woodlands can help manage flood risk to downstream communities and protect and improve the water environment. They are a key consideration in Flood Risk and River Basin Management Plans. 

Forestry Supports Scotland's Collaborative Land Management (Scottish Forestry YouTube channel)

Key NPF4 policiesConnection to FWS
Productive places 
Policy 25: Community Wealth Building

Woodlands and forests can contribute to community wealth building, community benefit delivery, and a well-being economy by supporting new and existing businesses and community woodland initiatives, and the provision of local employment.

Forestry Supports Scotland's Rural Economy (Scottish Forestry YouTube channel)

Community Woodland Case Studies (Community Woodlands Association)

Policy 26: Business and industry

Wood processing and forestry businesses can play a significant part in the local economy. 

Economic impact of forestry in Scotland (Scottish Government website)

Policy 30: Tourism

Woodlands are an environmental asset that affects the resilience of the area’s tourism sector.

Tweed Valley Forest Park (Forestry and Land Scotland)

Reflecting sustainable forest management in a Forestry and Woodland Strategy

Planning authorities (and all other public authorities in Scotland) also have a duty to promote sustainable forest management under Section 2(2) of the Forestry and Land Management (Scotland) Act 2018 - it is expected this will be reflected in their FWS.

Forestry and Land Management (Scotland) Act 2018 (legislation.gov.uk)

The principles of sustainable forest management as practiced in Scotland are set out here: 

What goes in to managing a woodland?

In Scotland, permission from Scottish Forestry must be sought for many woodland creation proposals.

Permissions for woodland creation 

The woodland creation application process

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