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Permitted tree species for Scottish Forests

The Wildlife and Natural Environment Act (WANE) details the species that can be planted in Scottish forests.

Published: 12 Mar 2025

In Scotland it is an offence to plant non-native trees, shrubs or plants, into ‘the wild’.

This offence does not apply to certain tree species which are exempt. The UK Forestry Standard applies to the use of exempt species.

When planting or restructuring a forest, refer to the list of exempt species permitted for planting.

The WANE Act and our approach

You can read more about the WANE Act and our approach to managing non-native species in Scotland's woods and forests.

The Wildlife and Natural Environment Act (WANE) (legislation.gov.uk)

Managing non-native species

Species permitted for planting

Common nameLatin name
European silver firAbies alba
Pacific silver fir Abies amabilis
Grand fir  Abies grandis
Noble fir   Abies procera
Field maple    Acer campestre
Norway maple    Acer platanoides
Sycamore   Acer pseudoplatanus
Horse chestnut    Aesculus hippocastanum
Common alder    Alnus glutinosa
Grey alder    Alnus incana
Red alder    Alnus rubra
Dwarf birch    Betula nana
Silver birch    Betula pendula
Hybrid birch  Betula pendula × pubescens (B. × aurata)
Downy birch    Betula pubescens
Hornbeam    Carpinus betulus
Sweet chestnut    Castanea sativa
Atlantic cedar   Cedrus atlantica
Deodar    Cedrus deodara
Cedar-of-Lebanon    Cedrus libani
Lawson cypress    Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
Nootka cypress   Xanthocyparis nootkatensis
Common hawthorn    Crataegus monogyna
Japanese red-cedar    Cryptomeria japonica
Spindle    Euonymus europaeus
Beech   Fagus sylvatica
Ash   Fraxinus excelsior
Holly    Ilex aquifolium
European larch   Larix decidua
Japanese larch   Larix kaempferi
Hybrid larch  Larix × marschlinsii
Crab apple    Malus sylvestris ssp. sylvestris
Rauli (beech)   Nothofagus alpina (N. nervosa / N. procera)
Roble beech    Nothofagus obliqua
Norway spruce   Picea abies
Serbian spruce   Picea omorika
Sitka spruce    Picea sitchensis
Lodgepole pine   Pinus contorta var. latifolia
Mountain pine    Pinus mugo
Bishop pine    Pinus muricata
Corsican pine    Pinus nigra ssp. laricio
Austrian pine    Pinus nigra ssp. nigra
Macedonian pine    Pinus peuce
Scots pine    Pinus sylvestris
White poplar    Populus alba
Lombardy poplar    Populus nigra - fastigiate cultivars
Hybrid aspen    Populus tremula × tremuloides
Hybrid black poplar   Populus × canadensis
Grey poplar   Populus × canescens
Gean    Prunus avium
Bird cherry    Prunus padus
Blackthorn    Prunus spinosa
Douglas fir    Pseudotsuga menziesii
Sessile oak    Quercus petraea
Hybrid oak   Quercus petraea × Quercus robur (Q. × rosacea)
Pedunculate oak   Quercus robur
Red oak    Quercus rubra
Blackcurrant    Ribes nigrum
Gooseberry    Ribes uva-crispum
Hairy dog rose    Rosa caesia ssp. caesia
Glaucous dog rose    Rosa caesia ssp. glauca
Dog rose   Rosa canina
Soft downy rose    Rosa mollis
Sweet briar   Rosa rubiginosa
Sherard’s downy rose    Rosa sherardii
White willow    Salix alba
Goat willow (Pussy willow / Great sallow) Salix caprea
Crack willow   Salix fragilis
Dark-leaved willow    Salix myrsinifolia
Bay willow    Salix pentandra
Tea-leaved willow    Salix phylicifolia
Purple willow  Salix purpurea
Osier willow    Salix viminalis
Common elder    Sambucus nigra
Coastal redwood    Sequoia sempervirens
Wellingtonia    Sequoiadendron giganteum
Whitebeam   Sorbus aria sensu lato
Walnut    Species of the genus Juglans
Yew    Taxus baccata
Western red cedar  Thuja plicata
Small-leaved lime   Tilia cordata
Large-leaved lime   Tilia platyphyllos
Hybrid lime    Tilia platyphyllos × Tilia × europaea (Tilia cordata × Tilia platyphyllos)
Eastern hemlock    Tsuga canadensis
Western hemlock    Tsuga heterophylla
Wych elm    Ulmus glabra
Guelder rose    Viburnum opulus
Leyland cypress    Cupressus macrocarpa × Xanthocyparis nootkatensis (X Cuprocyparis leylandii)

Important

A licence is required from NatureScot if a non-native tree or shrub is not on this list. Please contact Scottish Forestry in the first instance. 

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